Kris, With Novell/Microsoft systems that give the illusion of being managable by the average secretary, you pay up front for the illusion of simplification; for the programming team at Microsoft to make the majority of the difficult decisions for you. This may be good, but when things start to go wrong that secretary isn't going to be much use. In fact, this sounds like one of those setups for "oh, that stopped working six backup cycles ago, we didn't think we needed it", an of course now all configuration and authentication data is hosed and the whole system has to be rebuilt from scratch... With Linux, there's no illusion. You know up front that the secretary can't administer it, instead of putting your money into the product license, you put it into hiring and training someone competent who's job it is to understand the network. I think it's better for a business to own their own intellectual capital rather than to just trust MS. (Note that this is a problem with products like RedHat raising their prices to be in line with Microsoft products. If you need to pay both the license and the secretary vs. the license, the secretary, and the guru, guess which product gets the job?) The reason to keep your authentication at very low level, text based if possible, is that if things have gone wrong it's easier to get in and build it up layer by layer. On a system where you need the full GUI to do basic administration, a bad system crash may mean you can never get the system up that far. Same thing if you have to administer it from a remote console - what if it's not feeling well enough to talk with the console?