Netware was THE standard for networking for several years. Novell's problems are not technological -- as far as I know, it sits on top of just about anything. In fact, NDS intimidated Microsoft so thoroughly that MS was prodded into developing Active Directory. Novell's problems are business related. First off, they made some really unfortunate business decisions in the early 90's -- buying WordPerfect, for instance, to compete with Microsoft Office. It ruined WordPerfect and Novell. Secondly, Microsoft deliberately targeted Novell, pursuing a strategy of steadily incorporating every Novell advance into Windows NT. Using revenues from Office, and its steadily expanding desktop monopoly, Microsoft could literally bury Novell under a ton of money, which is exactly what it has done. The moral of the story is that better technology doesn't always translate to better sales. Mediocre technology with outstanding marketing often does better in the marketplace than whizbang technology with mediocre marketing. Matt Copple mcopple@kcopensource.org