Okay, I give. How in the world does umask work? I am trying to change it to rwxr-xr-x. If it is 022, it is rw-r--r--. Okay, *that* makes total sense... ahem. And then setting it to 220 results in r--r--rw. And even stranger stuff starts if I go to other numbers. Anyone care to explain this? Randy Rathbun randy@rrr.2y.net http://rrr.2y.net Linux: the operating system with a CLUE... Command Line User Environment. -- seen in a posting in comp.software.testing